Mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals and geological materials from the Earth's surface. It plays a crucial role in providing resources like metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, and limestone, which are essential for various industries. Mining can be categorized into different types, including underground mining, surface mining, and placer mining, each with distinct methods and environmental impacts. While mining supports economic growth and technological advancements, it also poses environmental challenges such as habitat destruction, pollution, and resource depletion. Sustainable mining practices and regulations are necessary to minimize its negative effects and ensure responsible resource extraction.