India came under British rule in the mid-18th century, when the British East India Company began controlling large parts of the country. After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the British slowly expanded their power through wars, alliances, and trade. By 1858, after the Revolt of 1857, the British Crown took direct control of India.

Economic Impact
Under British rule, India’s economy changed a lot. Farmers were forced to grow cash crops like cotton and indigo instead of food grains, leading to famines. Many Indian industries, especially textiles, were destroyed because British goods were given more importance. India became a supplier of raw materials and a market for British products.

Social and Cultural Changes
The British introduced English education, modern laws, railways, and postal services. While these brought some progress, they were mainly for the benefit of British administration and trade. Indian traditions and industries suffered, and heavy taxes made life hard for common people.

Political Awakening
Over time, Indians started demanding their rights. Organizations like the Indian National Congress were formed. Leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Subhas Chandra Bose inspired people to fight for freedom through protests, movements, and sometimes armed struggle.

End of British Rule
After years of struggle, non-violent movements, and sacrifices by countless Indians, the country finally gained independence on 15th August 1947. The long period under British rule left deep marks on India’s economy, society, and politics—but also united people in the dream of self-rule.