Communism is a political and economic ideology that aims for a classless, stateless society in which the means of production (land, factories, etc.) are collectively owned. It was first widely introduced by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in their 1848 publication, The Communist Manifesto. According to Marx, history is a struggle between classes — primarily the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class). Communism seeks to end this conflict by abolishing private property and creating a system where resources are shared equally.