Solar energy plays a crucial role in desalination, providing a sustainable solution to the global freshwater crisis. Desalination processes, such as reverse osmosis, traditionally require large amounts of energy, often sourced from fossil fuels. However, solar-powered desalination systems offer a renewable alternative by harnessing solar energy to evaporate and condense seawater. This technology can be especially effective in arid regions with abundant sunlight but limited freshwater access. Solar desalination reduces dependency on nonrenewable energy, decreases carbon emissions, and addresses water scarcity in an eco-friendly manner, making it a valuable tool for achieving long-term environmental sustainability.