Global warming refers to the gradual increase in Earth's average temperature, mainly due to the excessive release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, leading to a warming effect known as the greenhouse effect.

The main causes of global warming are human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas) for energy, deforestation, and industrial processes. These actions release large amounts of greenhouse gases, disrupting the Earth's natural climate balance.

The effects of global warming are already being felt worldwide. Polar ice caps are melting, causing sea levels to rise and threatening coastal communities. Extreme weather events, like hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires, are becoming more frequent and intense. Global warming also affects ecosystems, putting many animal and plant species at risk of extinction.

To combat global warming, we need to reduce our carbon footprint. This can be done by using renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, conserving energy, planting trees, and reducing waste. Governments and individuals alike must take action to protect the planet for future generations.