The history of political revolutions involves significant upheavals that reshaped societies:

1. **American Revolution (1775-1783)**: Colonists in North America fought for independence from British rule, leading to the establishment of the United States and the promotion of democratic principles.

2. **French Revolution (1789-1799)**: A period of radical social and political change in France, resulting in the fall of the monarchy, rise of republicanism, and profound shifts in French society and governance.

3. **Russian Revolution (1917)**: Led to the overthrow of the Tsarist regime and the establishment of the Soviet Union, profoundly impacting global politics and initiating communist rule.

4. **Chinese Revolution (1949)**: The Communist Party of China, led by Mao Zedong, overthrew the Nationalist government, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China and significant socio-political changes.

5. **Iranian Revolution (1979)**: Overthrew the Pahlavi monarchy, leading to the establishment of an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini and significant changes in Iranian society and politics.

These revolutions highlight the diverse causes, methods, and impacts of political upheavals on national and global scales.