The science of plate tectonics explains the movement and interaction of Earth's lithospheric plates, which float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath. **Plate tectonics** involves the study of how these plates move and interact at their boundaries—divergent (moving apart), convergent (colliding), and transform (sliding past each other). **Continental drift**, a related concept proposed by **Alfred Wegener**, suggests that continents were once part of a single supercontinent, **Pangaea**, and have drifted to their current positions. Evidence from fossil distribution, geological formations, and seismic activity supports these theories. Understanding plate tectonics and continental drift helps explain earthquakes, volcanic activity, and mountain formation.