Memory involves encoding, storing, and retrieving information in the brain. **Encoding** begins with sensory input and involves converting experiences into a format suitable for storage. **Storage** occurs in different stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. **Retrieval** is the process of accessing stored information. Forgetting, on the other hand, can result from various factors, including decay (loss of memory over time), interference (disruption by other memories), and retrieval failure (inability to access stored information). Neurobiological mechanisms, such as synaptic plasticity, play a crucial role in these processes, influencing how memories are formed and maintained.