Water scarcity limits access to safe water for drinking and for practising basic hygiene at home, in schools and in health-care facilities. When water is scarce, sewage systems can fail and the threat of contracting diseases like cholera surges. Scarce water also becomes more expensive.Water scarcity is a pressing issue that arises when the demand for freshwater exceeds its sustainable availability. It is a complex problem influenced by various factors, including population growth, urbanization, pollution, and climate change.

Following are some of the major causes of water shortage:

•Climate change.

•Natural calamities such as droughts and floods.

•Increased human consumption.

•Overuse and wastage of water.

•A global rise in freshwater demand.

•Overuse of aquifers and its consequent slow recharge.