Education policy for children is legally mandated in India, guaranteeing free and compulsory education for ages 6-14 under the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, which was established to implement Article 21-A of the Constitution. The policy requires government schools to provide free education and for private schools to admit at least 25% of children from disadvantaged backgrounds without fees. The policy also aims to provide early childhood education for children up to age six, with a focus on holistic development.
Key aspects of the policy
Fundamental Right: Article 21-A of the Constitution makes free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14 a fundamental right.
Implementation: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (RTE Act), 2009 was enacted to give effect to this constitutional amendment.
School Management: Government schools are to be managed by School Management Committees (SMCs).
Private School Admissions: Private schools are required to reserve at least 25% of their seats for children who are admitted without fees.
Admission and Retention:
No child can be denied admission at any point in the academic year.
Children who are admitted late may receive special training to help them catch up.
No child can be held back or expelled until they complete elementary education.
Early Childhood Education:
The policy includes provisions for Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) for children up to age six.
This part of the policy is a constitutional commitment, though not a justiciable right for every child.
Broader implications
Quality and Monitoring: The policy includes provisions for a National Commission for Elementary Education to monitor the quality of education.
Holistic Development: Modern policy shifts focus towards a more holistic, inquiry-based, and child-centered approach to education, as seen in the National Education Policy 2020. This includes integrating arts, sports, and other subjects to develop a well-rounded personality.