Democracy, or "rule by the people," is a system of government where citizens choose their leaders through free and fair elections and have the right to influence decisions that affect their lives. Key principles include individual autonomy and equality, and it is often supported by an independent judiciary, protected human rights, and participation through voting, advocacy, and running for office. While democracy has benefits like better governance and human development, it also faces challenges such as voter apathy and the risk of minority interests being overlooked.