. Globally, it has reached epidemic proportions, affecting over one billion people. Causes are multifaceted, including genetics, environmental factors like access to high-calorie foods, and behavioral issues such as sedentary lifestyles and stress.

The health risks are significant, ranging from cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers to joint problems and sleep apnea. Prevention involves adopting healthy habits, including balanced nutrition and regular exercise. Treatment can include lifestyle changes, medication, or in some cases, bariatric surgery, all requiring long-term commitment. Addressing this issue demands comprehensive, multi-sectoral strategies to support sustainable and healthy living.