Food provides the essential nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, that living organisms need for energy, growth, and maintenance of bodily functions. A healthy diet, rich in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, protects against chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes. However, shifts in dietary patterns, driven by factors like increased urbanization and a rise in processed foods high in fats, sugars, and salt, have led to negative health outcomes.