The Rig Veda is one of the oldest and most important sacred texts of ancient India, forming the foundation of Vedic literature and Hinduism. Composed around 1500–1200 BCE, it is a collection of over 1,000 hymns (called "suktas") dedicated to various deities such as Agni (fire), Indra (war and rain), and Soma (a sacred ritual drink). Written in early Sanskrit, the Rig Veda reflects the spiritual, social, and cultural life of the early Indo-Aryan people who inhabited the Indian subcontinent during the Vedic period. The hymns are poetic, rich in metaphor, and reveal insights into rituals, cosmology, and the natural world, emphasizing the power of speech and sound in connecting humans with the divine. Besides its religious significance, the Rig Veda also provides valuable information about the society, economy, and environment of ancient India, including references to cattle rearing, agriculture, and the importance of fire rituals. As the oldest of the four Vedas, it holds a central place in Indian philosophy, inspiring later scriptures and philosophical schools. The Rig Veda’s enduring legacy continues to influence Indian culture, spirituality, and literature even today.